Thursday we

we went over the test and got the correct answers for the study guide!

wednesday

we took the test

Tuesday

Germanic kingdoms unite under Charlemagne

• Middle ages= medieval period
• 476- 1453 AD
• medieval europe is fragmented
• this is a new society
• this new society has roots in 
• classic heritage of rome
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes
• 5th century Germanic invaders
• overrun the western half of the roman empire
• causing
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas
• Germanic kingdoms emerge: AD 400-600
• Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them with food, weapons, treasure
• results: no orderly government for large areas
• small communities rule
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies
• this is theocracy
• Hammer defeats a muslim raiding party from spain at the Battle of Tours in 732

Friday

We went over the powerpoint.

• Medieval 476-1453 AD
• from the end of the Roman Empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks 
• The new Society 
• classical heritage of Rome 
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes

Thursday

I wasn't here but i know we went over the powerpoint.

Wednesday

today we went over the powerpoint again.

•  Charles the Hammer 
• Pepin the Short
• Charles the Great 
• Charlemagne 

Tues

Germanic Kingdoms 

• Middle Ages
• medieval period
• 500-1500 AD
• Medieval Europe is fragmented 
• Invasions Trigger changes in Western Europe 
• invasions and constant warfare spark new friends 
• Disruption of trade 
• Europe's cities are no longer economic centers
• money is scarce
• Downfall of Cities 
• cities are no longer centers of administration
• Population Cities
• nobles retreat to the rural areas
• cities don't have strong leadership
• Decline of Learning
• Germanic invaders are illiterate 
• priests and church officials could read and write 
• loss of language 
• dialects develop in different regions 
• ALL INVOLVED FROM LATIN
• Germanic kingdoms emerge
• the concept of government changes 
• roman society: loyal to public gov't  
• Germanic society: loyal to family
• chief led warriors
• during peace, provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live 
• The franks under Clovis
• battlefield conversion
• Constantine 
• warriors and himself baptized 
• church in rome approves of this "alliance" 
• Germanic peoples adopt Christianity 
• Pope Gregory 
• expands papal power 
• King is like pope, pope is like king
• 
  

Friday

we went over the power point and took notes:

• Christendom: a combination of Christianity and a kingdom 
• Tithe/tithing: give 10% of what you make in a year to the Church 
• Eastern Empire was called, "Byzantine Empire" 
• They were doing okay
• Became more Greek than Roman 
• Greek intellects  
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle 
• Education was considered less important 
• Mostly only priests were reading
• Common people only learn trade, not education 
• Romans were no longer the center of everything

thursday

we just chilled because we are ahead.

wednesday

Today in west civ class we took the test. I think i did very well on it atleast an A. Im prepared for my result. then we took notes
page 151
-the two centuries after the fall of Rome were a time of turmoil in europe that would continue for 500 years- half a millennium that counts as the "early" part of the Middle Ages. As with the upheaval of the early middle ages ended not in a collapse of civilization but in its renewal, and the first two early medieval centuries set the patterns fro how this renewal would later take place in western and eastern europe.
- IN the germanic kingdoms that had taken over the western half of the Roman Empire, Roman institutions gradually stopped working, cities ceased to be centers of trade and social life, and warfare became more importanmt than education and culture in the lives of the upper-class
-By 700, the emperors in the eastern capitail, Constantinople, ruled only Anatolia and a few patches of land in Europe, and their state had become more Greek than Roman, to mark the difference, the remaining empire is today usually called by its capital's original Greek name Byzantium
- Byzantium was still a powerful state and a center of Christianity and Greek culture
Chronology
5th century- Angles ans saxons invade Britian
486- Clovis leads Frankish confederacy against Romans and rival germanic invaders in Gaul
527-565- Reign of Emperor Justinian in the Eastern empire
542- Plague hits Egypt, then spreads throughout the Mediterranean area and much of western Europe
568- Lombards conquer most of northern Italy
570-632- Life of Muhammad
595- Missionaries sent by the people begin to convert the pagans of England
711- Muslim invasion of Spain
800- Slaves occupy almost all of eastern Europe

Diocletian

• he rules from 284 - 303
• it's cool to persecute Christians
• Rome needs a big army (400,000 strong)
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)

Constantine

• rules from 306 - 337
• it's cool to BE a Christian
• conversion to Christianity

via a cross in the sky (conquer by this!)

• 313 - his Edict of Milan proclaims

freedom of worship

• built a new capital in the East
• Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople

life in the Fourth Century

• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection

• new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms

• peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting hit just as hard by the landlords

• paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work (such a deal!)

• landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire

• foreshadowing feudalism

Friday

• Christianity 
• Jesus spends 3 years preaching, is killed by Roman leaders
• followers believe he's the Messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead
• Saul becomes Paul, spreading Jesus' message
• evolves from cult status to being an official religious structure  
• monotheistic 
• conflicted with Roman beliefs 
• persecution against was common
• Constantine has a conversion
• sees cross in the sky
• tells people to paint a cross on armor 
• Decline of Roman Empire
• Rome has problem 180 AD
• economic
• trade became risky
• taxes were to high
• food supply was dropping
• Military 
• frontiers were really hard to control
• Constantine becomes emperor 
• moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium 
• renames city 

Thursday

P. 123

• Greatest change among the peoples of the empire during roman peace
• Christianity 
• Form of monotheistic 
• began as a group with Judaism
• 2 centuries gathered away from Judaism
• Germanic barbarians
• became:
• wealthier 
• more highly organized
• military stronger 
• Empire
• still strong enough;
• to bring about the last and greatest of the changes in civilization that took place under its rule 
• took christianity into partnership as the official ans majority religion 

Tuesday

Today we went over and reviewed.

• Octavia and Ceasar Augustus is the same person
• Augustus was the first emperor 
• Tiberius 
• Caligula 
• adopted grandson and great-nephew
• began to fight with senate
• claimed to be God 
• slept with other men's wives
• went insane  
• Claudius 
• ostracized by his family because of his disabilities 
• he conquered britain
• he built roads and aqueducts
• renovated the Circus Maximus 
• married to woman to Messalina
• unfaithful to him, whoring around 
• He then had her and her lover killed 
• Religion
• Christianity and Judaism 
• monotheistic 
• Romans had many gods
• group of jews called the Zealots 

I then went to take the test on Mr. Schicks rap. I don't believe i did that good. We are having another test tomorrow.

Friday

• Ceasar had become a greek style tyrant 
• he appeared in the senate house unarmed, and unguarded
• the crowd of senator stuck him down with their daggers 
• Mark Antony and Octavian 
• rival loyalists of Ceasar 
• formed another triumvirate together with a lesser warlord
• Octavian - adopted son
• Marcus Lepidus
• eliminated opponents in a new reign pf terror in Rome
• defeated Cassius and Brutus in battle in Greece
• leading assassins
• Julius Ceasar
• a "divine being" proclaimed by the Senate 
• Divided 
• Octavian based in Rome
• pushed lepidus out of power 
• defeated in naval battle 
• expanded Rome northward
• 3rd to rule Rome  
• managed to turn military dictatorship into legitimate and permanent monarchy 
• Lepidus in North
• Mark Anthony in Alexandria 
• turned into rivalry
•  Rome
• literature and art
• philosophy and law
• architecture and engineering 
•  P.104
•  Soon after Octavian's triumph at Actium, the Senate conferred on him a new title, Augustus, The name under which he has gone down in history 
•  Now that he was supreme ruler, Augustus intended to stay in power, reconstruct the failed government of the Roman City state, and keep its empire together 
• Princeps- 'First citizen" a traditional Roman name for prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the republic that came to be used by Augustus and other early emperors 
• By arrangement with The Senate in 27 B.C. Augusts was confirmed as commander in chief if the armed forces, which included civil and military control off all provinces with garrisons  
• He did not bring back the "mixed" government that had once been the source if its stability and vitality 
• Augustus was not the first powerful Roman to be worshiped in this way, But this time the practice spread well beyond Anatolia 
• He also acquired the title of Father of the Fatherland
• Said on his death bed that he thought he was turning into a god
• P. 105
• Augustus began a whole series of large-scale reforms 
• brought the system of government appointments under his personal control
• avoided breaking with tradition
• showed respect for local institutions and encouraged provincial leaders to fulfill their responsibilities
• reorganized the army to ensure the loyalty of the rank-and-file soldiers 
• gradually brought that all soldiers were volunteers
• This caused Augustus and his successors to break with the Roman Tradition of citizen soldiers to create the world's 1st professional army 
• Praetorian Guard 
• P. 106
•  Augustus wanted his successor to come from his family 
•  Augustus had no sons so he chose Tiberius 
• Caesars last decedent was Nero
• Nero was overthrown after a tyrannical reign
• No one thought to restore the government to a Republic
• Augustus dies in 14 A.D.
• Augustus adopted Tiberius to give him hereditary standings
• Tiberius took over without a challenge
• P.107
• Caesar - The imperial title given to the designated successor of a reigning emperor.

Thursday

we watched more of the movie and talked abut Nero, and how he killed his second wife and was taking the city of Rome broke.